Caracterización de fallecidos identificados e inhumados en cementerio humanitario: consideraciones respecto al no reclamo / Characterization of deceased identified and buried in a humanitarian cemetery: considerations regarding the non-claim

Justificación: la inhumación de cadáveres no reclamados, por los familiares directos o deudos de las morgues judiciales es una asignación de trabajo continua y periódica para los Centros de Ciencias Forenses no solo en Honduras, sino en varios países latinoamericanos. Objetivo: conocer las características sociodemográficas de los fallecidos identificados y no reclamados e inhumados en el cementerio humanitario por Medicina Forense de Tegucigalpa y San Pedro Sula, en el período 2010-2020 y la probable relación del fenómeno de la pérdida de los ritos mortuorios con el duelo. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, se analizaron 235 casos de inhumados identificados, 117 de la ciudad de Tegucigalpa y 118 de San Pedro Sula. Resultados: Los hondureños (97%) de sexo masculino, con manera de muerte homicida (43.40%), con un rango de edad entre 21 y 45 años (41.4%), procedentes de Tegucigalpa y San Pedro Sula (57%) predominantemente, representan los fallecidos identificados que nadie reclama. Conclusión: el no reclamo de cadáveres plenamente identificados es un proceso que necesita estudiarse de manera más exhaustiva e interdisciplinaria a fin de identificar factores que pudieran incidir, como: el temor a represalias en muertes asociadas a grupos criminales, la desvinculación afectiva entre el fallecido y el núcleo familiar, la migración, las condiciones económicas, igualmente, la desinformación ciudadana con respecto a los procedimientos institucionales; con la información actualmente disponible no es posible concluir cuales son estos factores...(AU)

Infection of Aedes mosquitoes by native Wolbachia in urban cemeteries of Southern Mexico / Infección de mosquitos Aedes con Wolbachia nativa en cementerios urbanos del sur de México

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Wolbachia infections in Aedes spp. field populations from cemeteries of Southern Mexico. Materials and methods: Six cemeteries were selected to be sampled in the central part of the Soconusco region, Chiapas. Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected during the rainy season of 2015. Females were analyzed individually by PCR to determine the presence of Wolbachia. Results: A field overall prevalence of 38% was found; only Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were positive. Conclusion: Local strains of Wolbachia were detected and have the potential to be applied as a biological method for vector control.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de Wolbachia en poblaciones de campo de Aedes spp. en cementerios del Sur de México. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron seis cementerios como sitios de colecta para las poblaciones silvestres de Aedes albopictus y Ae. aegypti, en la región del Soconusco, Chiapas, durante la época de lluvias 2015. Se determinó la infección por Wolbachia en hembras individuales por PCR. Resultados: Se obtuvo una infección de 38% por Wolbachia en Ae. albopictus. Conclusión: Existen cepas locales de Wolbachia en los mosquitos y poseen el potencial de aplicarse como medida de control biológico de vectores.

Localización, identificación, traslado y entrega de cadáveres / Location, identification, transfer and delivery of corpses

Objetivo del documento: disponer de lineamientos básicos de desinfección para las personas que realizan el proceso de la localización, identificación, traslado y entrega en cementerios de cadáveres por COVID-19, evitando así la propagación del mismo.

Lineamientos para el manejo de cadáveres Coronavirus COVID- 19 / Guidelines for the management of corpses Coronavirus COVID- 19

Establece los lineamientos a seguir durante en el proceso del manejo de cadáveres infectados con el Coronavirus COVID-19 en todo el territorio nacional. Describe procedimientos para servicios de salud y funerarias, en el trato de los cuerpos.

Decreto Legislativo que modifica la Ley N° 26842 Ley General de Salud y la Ley N° 26298 Ley de Cementerios y Servicios Funerarios / Legislative Decree amending Law No. 26842 General Health Law and Law No. 26298 Cemeteries and Funeral Services Law

El documento contiene las modificatorias a la Ley N° 26842, Ley General de Salud, y la Ley N° 26298, Ley de Cementerios y Servicios Funerarios, para garantizar las acciones inmediatas para el manejo de cadáveres en el marco de la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19.

Lineamientos para el manejo de cadáveres Coronavirus COVID- 19: 03 de abril 2020 / Guidelines for the management of corpses Coronavirus COVID- 19

Versión 03 de abril 2020. Establece los lineamientos a seguir durante en el proceso del manejo de cadáveres infectados con el Coronavirus COVID-19 en todo el territorio nacional. Describe procedimientos para servicios de salud y funerarias, en el trato de los cuerpos.

De instituição psiquiátrica a cemitério: perscrutando a fundação e transformação do abrigo municipal de alienados Oscar Schneider / From a psychiatric institution to a graveyard: examining the foundation and transformation of the "abrigo municipal de alienados Oscar Schneider" / De una institución psiquiátrica a un cementerio: examinando la fundación y transformación del "abrigo municipal de alienados Oscar Schneider"

Neste artigo, busca-se relatar a experiência de uma pesquisa que se debruçou sobre as memórias invisibilizadas de um cemitério da cidade de Joinville, Estado de Santa Catarina, cuja história de seu território está ligada à existência, no passado, de duas instituições de confinamento de sujeitos infames: um Abrigo de Alienados (1923-1942) e um Presídio Político (1942- 1945). A escuta dos personagens que narram suas experiências com esse local e as estratégias do flâneur como forma de deixar-se levar na busca pelas memórias por aquilo em que se configuram sentidos foram os fundamentos do exercício de "ficcionar" sobre esse determinado objeto de estudo, a partir de uma relação sensível com esse campo, uma "Cidade dos Mortos", onde foi possível escutar as vozes que nele ainda pulsam e tensionam a história desse local e seu aparente estado de silêncio na cidade.

The present article aims to report the experience resulting from a research focused on the unveiled memories of a cemetery in the city of Joinville, Santa Catarina State (SC), in Brazil. The history about the cemetery tract of land is connected to the existence, in the past, of two institutions for the confinement of infamous subjects: A Lunatic Asylum (1923-1942) and a Prison for Politicians (1942-1945). Listening to the characters narrating their experiences linked to this place, and the flâneur's; strategies as a manner to allow oneself to be carried away when searching for the memories by what the senses are made up, were the fundamentals of the exercise of "fictionalizing" about this certain object of study, starting from a sensitive relation with this field, a "City of the Dead", where it was possible to listen to the voices that still pulse in it and tension the history of this place and its apparent state of silence within the city.

En este artículo se relata una experiencia de investigación que se orientó hacia las memorias invisibilizadas de un cementerio en la ciudad de Joinville (Santa Catarina, Brasil). La historia de ese territorio está ligada a la existencia, en el pasado, de dos instituciones de confinamiento de sujetos infames: un Abrigo para Alienados (1923-1942) y un Presidio Político (1942-1945). Escuchar los personajes que narran sus experiencias relacionadas con ese lugar, y las estrategias del flâneur como forma de dejarse llevar en busca de memorias que configuran sentidos, fueron los fundamentos del ejercicio de creación sobre el objeto de estudio, a partir de una relación sensible con ese campo, una "Ciudad de muertos", donde fue posible escuchar las voces que todavía pulsan y tensionan la historia del lugar y su aparente estado de silencio en la ciudad.

Micro-environmental features associated to container-dwelling mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an urban cemetery of the Dominican Republic / Variables microambientales asociadas a mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) que habitan en recipientes en un cementerio urbano de República Dominicana

Abstract Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of diverse pathogenic organisms, particularly arboviruses and protozoa. The immature stages of mosquitoes occur in a wide range of natural or human-made aquatic habitats. On this basis, some anthropogenic places such as cemeteries, usually serve as thrive and productive artificial-breeding habitats for mosquitoes. Despite being important foci for vector species, urban cemeteries are frequently overlooked in control and surveillance programs. This study evaluates the association of ecological variables and attributes (type of material, presence of flowers, water availability and height from the ground) of the breeding sites with the levels of infestation of mosquito immature stages. In 2017, an entire urban cemetery in Jarabacoa (Dominican Republic) was sampled at two different climatic periods (March: dry and August: rainy) for the characterization of the artificial breeding-sites, collection of immature stages of culicids and subsequent laboratory rearing for species identification. In total 968 containers were studied, containing 7 758 immature stages in 203 (21.0 %) water-filled containers which accounted for four species: Culex quinquefasciatus (50.5 %), Aedes aegypti (47.1 %), Aedes albopictus (1.9 %) and Culex nigripalpus (0.4 %). The mean of A. aegypti immatures in infested containers was roughly two times higher compared to C. quinquefasciatus and significantly lower compared to A. albopictus. The total Container Index (CI) was 20.9 %, and among the type of materials, those made from rock (cement, ceramic, and mud) and plastic had the highest CI = 25.9 % and 23.4 %, respectively. Almost 95 % of the total infested water-filled containers were made of plastic or rock. No association was found between the type of material of the containers and the density of mosquitoes. However, overall, greater densities of immature stages were found at ground than at higher levels. A weak positive correlation between water volume and density was found in some species of immature stages. Significantly higher number of C. quinquefasciatus were recorded in containers with flowers and large water volume. In contrast, A. aegypti immature stages were more frequent in containers without flowers. A weak negative association between water volume and infestations was found for A. albopictus immatures. As reflected of their opportunistic behaviour and broad ecological plasticity, Culex spp. and Aedes spp. mosquitoes were abundant pests in cemetery habitats where were able to breed in almost any kind of water-filled container regardless the type of material. However, our study showed that some ecological variables have critical impact for the development of the immature stages of some species. The health authorities and cemetery keepers can benefit from these results by focusing on the implementation of detailed plans and integrated strategies for the control and prevention of cemetery infestations by mosquitoes.(AU)

Resumen Los mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) son importantes vectores de diversos organismos patógenos, tales como arbovirus y protozoos. Los estadios inmaduros de los mosquitos pueden encontrarse en un amplio abanico de hábitats, tanto de origen natural como humano. Algunos lugares antrópicos, como los cementerios, sirven como prósperos hábitats artificiales para el desarrollo del ciclo de vida de los mosquitos. A pesar de constituir importantes focos para especies de interés vectorial, los cementerios urbanos son frecuentemente olvidados en los programas de vigilancia y control. Este estudio evaluó la asociación de algunas variables ecológicas (tipo de material, presencia de flores, disponibilidad de agua, y altura respecto al suelo) de los lugares de cría (recipientes) con los niveles de infestación de las fases preimarginales de los culícidos. En 2017, un cementerio urbano en Jarabacoa (República Dominicana) fue inspeccionado durante dos periodos climáticos (es decir: marzo: estación seca y agosto: estación húmeda) para: caracterizar los lugares de cría artificiales, captura de los estadios inmaduros de culícidos e identificación de los adultos emergidos a partir de las fases inmaduras. En total, 968 recipientes fueron examinados, conteniendo 7 758 inmaduros en 203 (21.0 %) recipientes con agua pertenecientes a cuatro especies, Culex quinquefasciatus (50.5 %), Aedes aegypti (47.1 %), Aedes albopictus (1.9 %) y Culex nigripalpus (0.4 %). El índice de recipiente (IR) fue del 20.9 %, y los recipientes fabricados a partir de roca (cemento, cerámica y barro) y plástico tuvieron el mayor IR = 25.9 y 23.4 %, respectivamente. Casi un 95 % de los recipientes con agua infectados estaban constituidos de materiales tipo plástico o roca. No se encontró asociación entre el tipo de material del recipiente y la densidad. En general, mayor densidad de estadios inmaduros fue observada a nivel del suelo que a alturas mayores. Se observó un incremento significativo del número de C. quinquefasciatus en recipientes con flores y grandes volúmenes de agua. Por el contrario, los estadios de A. aegypti fueron más frecuentes en recipientes sin flores. Como reflejo de su comportamiento oportunista y amplia plasticidad ecológica, los mosquitos Culex y Aedes fueron abundantes en los cementerios, siendo capaces de desarrollar su ciclo de vida acuático en cualquier tipo de recipiente, con independencia del material que lo constituya. Nuestro estudio, por tanto, mostró que algunas variables ecológicas tienen un impacto crítico sobre el desarrollo de los estadios inmaduros de algunas especies de mosquitos. Tanto las autoridades de salud pública como los cuidadores del cementerio pueden beneficiare de estos resultados centrándose en la implementación de planes detallados y estrategias integradoras para el control y prevención de mosquitos que infectan cementerios.(AU)

Assessing the Parasitic Burden in a Late Antique Florentine Emergency Burial Site

Excavation (2008–2014) carried out under the Uffizi Gallery (Florence, Italy) led to the discovery of 75 individuals, mostly buried in multiple graves. Based on Roman minted coins, the graves were preliminarily dated between the second half of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th centuries CE. Taphonomy showed that this was an emergency burial site associated with a catastrophic event, possibly an epidemic of unknown etiology with high mortality rates. In this perspective, paleoparasitological investigations were performed on 18 individuals exhumed from 9 multiple graves to assess the burden of gastrointestinal parasitism. Five out of eighteen individuals (27.7%) tested positive for ascarid-type remains; these are considered as “decorticated” Ascaris eggs, which have lost their outer mammillated coat. Roundworms (genus Ascaris) commonly infest human populations under dire sanitary conditions. Archaeological and historical evidence indicates that Florentia suffered a period of economic crisis between the end of 4th and the beginning of the 5th centuries CE, and that the aqueduct was severely damaged at the beginning of the 4th century CE, possibly during the siege of the Goths (406 CE). It is more than plausible that the epidemic, possibly coupled with the disruption of the aqueduct, deeply affected the living conditions of these individuals. A 27.7% frequency suggests that ascariasis was widespread in this population. This investigation exemplifies how paleoparasitological information can be retrieved from the analysis of sediments sampled in cemeteries, thus allowing a better assessment of the varying frequency of parasitic infections among ancient populations.

Influence of third cemetery location on the quality of domestic and groundwater resources in Benin City, Nigeria

ABSTRACT: The present study investigates impact of burial practices on water quality in Benin City, Nigeria by collecting groundwater samples from boreholes located by the peripheral area of Third Cemetery in Benin City and a reference site approximately 4 km away using standard methods. With the exception of SO4, CaCO3, Fe and DO, the concentrations of other parameters were higher in water samples obtained from the peripheral area of Third Cemetery than that from the reference site. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that pH, Fe, and CaCO3 were differentiating parameters related to reference site, similar condition was attributed to SO4 and Mg for site 2 and Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn and DO for sites 1 & 3. Cluster analysis (CA) placed the reference site as outlier to other sites. Higher concentrations of Cl, NO3, Na, K and BOD5 in samples obtained by cemetery peripheral when compared to reference site and positive correlations among these parameters are indications of impacts of decomposing activities in cemetery upon water quality in underlying aquifer. Limiting water quality index (WQI) computation to pH, EC, Cl, NO3, SO4, Na and BOD5 showed that quality of groundwater obtained from cemetery peripheral is not good for domestic uses

A young couple's grave found in the Rakhigarhi cemetery of the Harappan Civilization / 대한해부학회지

The Harappan Civilization, one of the earliest complex societies in the world, flourished on the Indian subcontinent. Although many additional Harappan settlements and cemeteries have been discovered and investigated, no coupled burials at Harappan cemeteries have been reported to date. In 2013–2016, we excavated the cemetery of the Rakhigarhi site (Haryana), the largest city of the Harappan Civilization. At the site, we found a grave that turned out to be a coupled (joint) burial of the primary type. This report is the first anthropologically confirmed case of coupled burial from a Harappan cemetery.

Entre vidas objetificadas e vítimas da escravização: a trajetória das ossadas do Cemitério dos Pretos Novos, no Rio de Janeiro / Between objectified lives and victims of slavery: the bones of the Pretos Novos Cemetery, in Rio de Janeiro / Entre vidas objetivadas y victimas de la esclavización: la trayectoria de los huesos del Cementerio Pretos Novos, en Rio de Janeiro

Resumo Nos últimos anos, diversas iniciativas no Brasil e no mundo apontam para um novo enquadramento da escravidão que procura trazer à tona o ponto de vista dos escravizados. Elas são elaboradas em torno de uma nova moralidade que denuncia o processo de vitimização a que foram submetidos. No entanto, a construção dessas novas narrativas é permeada por conflitos e ambiguidades. Partindo de uma etnografia sobre as ossadas do sítio arqueológico Cemitério dos Pretos Novos, tento trazer à tona a multiplicidade de atores e representações que transcendem e ressignificam o processo de vitimização. Com isso, procuro iluminar a complexidade da construção contemporânea da categoria da vítima, em particular as vítimas da escravização no Brasil.

Abstract In recent years, slavery has been redefined in new frames that emphasizes the enslaved’s perspective. This change brings a new morality that denounces the process of victimization of the enslaved. But these narratives are permeated by conflicts and ambiguities. Through an ethnografic research of the bones found in the Pretos Novos Cemetery archeological site, this article analyzes the multiplicity of actors and representantios which transcend and ressignify the victimization process and highlights the complexity of the contemporary category of victim, in particular victims of slavery, in Brasil.

Resumen En los últimos años, varias iniciativas en Brasil y en todo el mundo revelan un nuevo marco de esclavitud que busca llevar a cabo el punto de vista de los esclavizados. Ellas se elaboran en torno a una nueva moral denunciando el proceso de victimización que han sufrido. Sin embargo, la construcción de estos nuevos relatos está impregnada de conflictos y ambigüedades. A partir de una etnografía sobre los restos del sitio arqueológico Cementerio de Pretos Novos, trato de poner de manifiesto la multiplicidad de actores y representaciones que trascienden y re-significar el proceso de victimización. Con eso, trato a la luz de la complejidad de la construcción contemporánea de la categoría de víctima, en particular las víctimas de la esclavitud en Brasil.

Opisthorchiasis in infant remains from the medieval Zeleniy Yar burial ground of XII-XIII centuries AD

We present a paleoparasitological analysis of the medieval Zeleniy Yar burial ground of the XII-XII centuries AD located in the northern part of Western Siberia. Parasite eggs, identified as eggs of Opisthorchis felineus, were found in the samples from the pelvic area of a one year old infant buried at the site. Presence of these eggs in the soil samples from the infant’s abdomen suggests that he/she was infected with opisthorchiasis and imply consumption of undercooked fish. Ethnographic records collected among the population of the northern part of Western Siberia reveal numerous cases of feeding raw fish to their children. Zeleniy Yar case of opisthorchiasis suggests that this dietary custom has persisted from at least medieval times.

Erratum: Stable isotope analysis of Joseon people skeletons from the cemeteries of Old Seoul City, the capital of Joseon Dynasty / 대한해부학회지

The author's name and the institutional affiliation of the authors were published incorrectly.

Stable isotope analysis of Joseon people skeletons from the cemeteries of Old Seoul City, the capital of Joseon Dynasty / 대한해부학회지

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis reveals the diets of different human populations in history. In this study, we performed stable isotope analysis on human skeletons from Joseon-period cemeteries discovered around Old Seoul City (Hansung). Our data clearly showed that Joseon individuals consumed more C3-based than C4-based foods as the main staples, and that the proteins they ate were mainly of terrestrial, but not of marine origin. Stable isotope values exhibited unique patterns in each of our sample subgroups. Whereas the delta13C values did not show any statistical differences among the subgroups, significantly higher values of delta15N were found in males than in females, which might reflect dietary differences between the sexes. For a fuller understanding of the dietary patterns of pre-industrial (pre-20th century) Koreans, additional studies on Joseon samples from Korean archaeological sites will be necessary.

Current State of Public Cemeteries in River State; Nigeria

Cemeteries or 'sleeping places' are where bodies or cremated remains are buried. Dead bodies are essentially 'wastes' and their improper disposal in the form of burial may come with health implications. This is particularly apt in Nigeria and indeed Rivers State where unsupervised burials are carried out in homes (houses); compounds and community-based cemeteries. A walk through survey of five functional public cemeteries in Rivers State appraised their current state and their possible health implications. This on-the-spot site visit revealed infrastructural; operational and maintenance challenges which have further stressed the need for better managed public cemeteries and more objective studies on the subject